Read the text below about elephant tourism and its consequences to these animals.

Elephant tourism is “fuelling cruelty”

By Claire Marshall BBC Environment Correspondent

Millions of people want selfies riding elephants, or washing them, or patting their trunks. But according to a study carried out by World Animal Protection (WAP) across Asia this is helping to fuel a rise in elephants captured from the wild and kept for entertainment. The number in Thailand has increased by almost a third over the last five years.

1 WAP researchers assessed almost 3,000 elephants and found that more than three quarters were living in "severely cruel" conditions. Many were bound with chains less than 3m long and were forced to stand on concrete floors close to loud roads, crowds and music.

2 Some 160 travel companies have already committed to stop selling tickets to or promoting venues offering elephant rides and shows. In 2016, TripAdvisor announced that it would end the sale of tickets for wildlife experiences where tourists come in to direct contact with wild animals, including elephant riding.

3 Dr Jan Schmidt-Burbach, a veterinary adviser at World Animal Protection (WAP), said: "The cruel trend of elephants used for rides and shows is growing - we want tourists to know that many of these elephants are taken from their mothers as babies, forced to endure harsh training and suffer poor living conditions throughout their life”.

4 "There is an urgent need for tourist education and regulation of wildlife tourist attractions worldwide. Venues that offer tourists a chance to watch elephants in genuine sanctuaries are beacons of hope that can encourage the urgently-needed shift in the captive elephant tourism industry," he concludes.

Texto adaptado. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 06 jul. 2017.

In Asia, one of the most popular activities among tourists is to take selfies with elephants. Read the following actions related to elephant tourism:

I) travel on their back;

II) touch them friendly;

III) feed these animals;

IV) watch them in nature;

V) wash these mammals.

According to a WPA study, tourism actions that are leading to the rise of elephant capture from the wild are:

Read the text below and answer the question.

Introducing Rome

A mix of memorable ruins, impressive art and vibrant street life, Italy’s hot-blooded capital is one of the world’s most romantic and inspiring cities.

A trip to Rome is as much about experiencing the dolce vita lifestyle as devouring art and culture. Time flies as the heat of the day gives way to the evening cool. Restaurants and trattorias vibrate with activity. Few cities can rival Rome´s astonishing artistic heritage. Throughout history, the city has starred in the great revolution of Western art, the result is a city with priceless treasures. Walk around the centre and without even trying you´ll come across masterpieces by giant artists such as Michelangelo, Caravaggio, and Raphael. The result of 3,000 years of urban development, Rome´s cityscape is an exhilarating spectacle. Ancient icons such as the Colosseum, Roman Forum and Pantheon recall the city´s golden age, while its monumental basilicas testify to its historical role as seat of the Catholic Church. Eating out is one of Rome´s great pleasures and the combination of romantic settings and superlative food is a guarantee of good times. For contemporary fine dining and five-star wine, there are a number of refined restaurants, but, for a Roman meal, head to an effervescent pizzeria or a cheerful trattoria. Then, to finish off, what about a gelato followed by a shot of coffee? In summary, besides its great monuments, Rome's streets and piazzas are an endless source of entertainment and history. Last, but not least, it is also a fabulous place to eat well.

Texto adaptado. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 04 jul. 2017.

As you read in the previous text, eating out in Rome is a unique experience because of the integration of:

Read the text below and answer the question.

Introducing Rome

A mix of memorable ruins, impressive art and vibrant street life, Italy’s hot-blooded capital is one of the world’s most romantic and inspiring cities.

A trip to Rome is as much about experiencing the dolce vita lifestyle as devouring art and culture. Time flies as the heat of the day gives way to the evening cool. Restaurants and trattorias vibrate with activity. Few cities can rival Rome´s astonishing artistic heritage. Throughout history, the city has starred in the great revolution of Western art, the result is a city with priceless treasures. Walk around the centre and without even trying you´ll come across masterpieces by giant artists such as Michelangelo, Caravaggio, and Raphael. The result of 3,000 years of urban development, Rome´s cityscape is an exhilarating spectacle. Ancient icons such as the Colosseum, Roman Forum and Pantheon recall the city´s golden age, while its monumental basilicas testify to its historical role as seat of the Catholic Church. Eating out is one of Rome´s great pleasures and the combination of romantic settings and superlative food is a guarantee of good times. For contemporary fine dining and five-star wine, there are a number of refined restaurants, but, for a Roman meal, head to an effervescent pizzeria or a cheerful trattoria. Then, to finish off, what about a gelato followed by a shot of coffee? In summary, besides its great monuments, Rome's streets and piazzas are an endless source of entertainment and history. Last, but not least, it is also a fabulous place to eat well.

Texto adaptado. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 04 jul. 2017.

Based on the previous text, the sentence that describes the weather in Rome is:

Read the text below and answer the question.

Introducing Rome

A mix of memorable ruins, impressive art and vibrant street life, Italy’s hot-blooded capital is one of the world’s most romantic and inspiring cities.

A trip to Rome is as much about experiencing the dolce vita lifestyle as devouring art and culture. Time flies as the heat of the day gives way to the evening cool. Restaurants and trattorias vibrate with activity. Few cities can rival Rome´s astonishing artistic heritage. Throughout history, the city has starred in the great revolution of Western art, the result is a city with priceless treasures. Walk around the centre and without even trying you´ll come across masterpieces by giant artists such as Michelangelo, Caravaggio, and Raphael. The result of 3,000 years of urban development, Rome´s cityscape is an exhilarating spectacle. Ancient icons such as the Colosseum, Roman Forum and Pantheon recall the city´s golden age, while its monumental basilicas testify to its historical role as seat of the Catholic Church. Eating out is one of Rome´s great pleasures and the combination of romantic settings and superlative food is a guarantee of good times. For contemporary fine dining and five-star wine, there are a number of refined restaurants, but, for a Roman meal, head to an effervescent pizzeria or a cheerful trattoria. Then, to finish off, what about a gelato followed by a shot of coffee? In summary, besides its great monuments, Rome's streets and piazzas are an endless source of entertainment and history. Last, but not least, it is also a fabulous place to eat well.

Texto adaptado. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 04 jul. 2017.

According to the text, encountering the masterpieces of the greatest Renaissance artists in the centre of Rome is:

Read the text below about the importance of a daily routine in the life of the elderly. After that, answer the question.

1 A routine means doing the same basic activities around the same time every day. This gives structure and a natural flow to the day. It also makes it easier to make sure your older adult has taken medication, eaten regularly, and drank enough water.

2 For example, part of a regular daily routine would be to wake up at 8 AM, use the toilet, brush teeth, comb hair, change from pajamas to regular clothes, then sit down to a hot breakfast of oatmeal and coffee. After that, they’d take their morning medications.

3 When you create a routine for your older adult, base it roughly on their current daily activities. The main difference is to make it more structured and regular.

1. Reduced stress and anxiety

4 Older adults who no longer have control of their lives, maybe because of cognitive impairment from Alzheimer’s or stroke, may feel constantly stressed and anxious. They may feel disoriented or unsure about what’s going to happen in the next moment.

5 Other seniors have become too ill or frail to manage their days. They’re also dependent on others for everything. Not knowing when or if your needs will be met is also stressful.

6 A predictable routine reduces stress and anxiety because seniors know exactly what will be happening, how the activity will be done, and when it will occur. Routine actions will also become part of their body memory. They won’t have to consciously think or worry about what they’re doing. Their bodies unconsciously sense what’s coming next.

2. Increased feelings of safety and security

7 Many seniors don’t like surprises. Having a routine lets them predict and plan their day, which makes them feel safe. It also gives stability that seniors often enjoy because they can settle into a schedule that makes sense.

8 It’s also easier to cope with memory and cognitive issues when everything else is steady and predictable. Even though a senior with dementia might not be aware of the routine or even of time passing, having a routine will make them feel more grounded and secure.

3. Better sleep

9 Having a regular daily routine also helps older adults sleep better. A study found that doing the same basic activities like eating, dressing, and bathing at the same time every day improves sleep quality.

10 Since many seniors have trouble with sleep, creating a predictable daily routine is a simple, non-drug way to improve the situation.

Final words

11 Simple daily routines can significantly improve your senior’s quality of life, but there’s no need to be too rigid about it. You’ll still need to be flexible on days when your older adult isn’t feeling well or if there’s a special event.

12 But using a routine most of the time can reduce stress, increase the feeling of security, and improve sleep. That helps your older adult (and you!) feel healthier and happier.

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 04 jul. 2017.

Based on the text, read the statements considering the importance of daily routine for the elderly. Then, mark true (T) or false (F):

(    ) memory deteriorates when seniors get stuck into a routine.

(    ) flexibility in seniors´ routine is permitted on specific moments.

(    ) seniors love to be surprised in order to vary their daily routine.

(    ) routine helps seniors fulfil basic activities related to personal care.

The CORRECT true and false sequence is:

Read the text below about the importance of a daily routine in the life of the elderly. After that, answer the question.

1 A routine means doing the same basic activities around the same time every day. This gives structure and a natural flow to the day. It also makes it easier to make sure your older adult has taken medication, eaten regularly, and drank enough water.

2 For example, part of a regular daily routine would be to wake up at 8 AM, use the toilet, brush teeth, comb hair, change from pajamas to regular clothes, then sit down to a hot breakfast of oatmeal and coffee. After that, they’d take their morning medications.

3 When you create a routine for your older adult, base it roughly on their current daily activities. The main difference is to make it more structured and regular.

1. Reduced stress and anxiety

4 Older adults who no longer have control of their lives, maybe because of cognitive impairment from Alzheimer’s or stroke, may feel constantly stressed and anxious. They may feel disoriented or unsure about what’s going to happen in the next moment.

5 Other seniors have become too ill or frail to manage their days. They’re also dependent on others for everything. Not knowing when or if your needs will be met is also stressful.

6 A predictable routine reduces stress and anxiety because seniors know exactly what will be happening, how the activity will be done, and when it will occur. Routine actions will also become part of their body memory. They won’t have to consciously think or worry about what they’re doing. Their bodies unconsciously sense what’s coming next.

2. Increased feelings of safety and security

7 Many seniors don’t like surprises. Having a routine lets them predict and plan their day, which makes them feel safe. It also gives stability that seniors often enjoy because they can settle into a schedule that makes sense.

8 It’s also easier to cope with memory and cognitive issues when everything else is steady and predictable. Even though a senior with dementia might not be aware of the routine or even of time passing, having a routine will make them feel more grounded and secure.

3. Better sleep

9 Having a regular daily routine also helps older adults sleeo better. A study found that doing the same basic activities like eating, dressing, and bathing at the same time every day improves sleep quality.

10 Since many seniors have trouble with sleep, creating a predictable daily routine is a simple, non-drug way to improve the situation.

Final words

11 Simple daily routines can significantly improve your senior’s quality of life, but there’s no need to be too rigid about it. You’ll still need to be flexible on days when your older adult isn’t feeling well or if there’s a special event.

12 But using a routine most of the time can reduce stress, increase the feeling of security, and improve sleep. That helps your older adult (and you!) feel healthier and happier.

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 04 jul. 2017.

In order to improve the quality of their sleep, seniors should:

Read the text below about the importance of a daily routine in the life of the elderly. After that, answer the question.

1 A routine means doing the same basic activities around the same time every day. This gives structure and a natural flow to the day. It also makes it easier to make sure your older adult has taken medication, eaten regularly, and drank enough water.

2 For example, part of a regular daily routine would be to wake up at 8 AM, use the toilet, brush teeth, comb hair, change from pajamas to regular clothes, then sit down to a hot breakfast of oatmeal and coffee. After that, they’d take their morning medications.

3 When you create a routine for your older adult, base it roughly on their current daily activities. The main difference is to make it more structured and regular.

1. Reduced stress and anxiety

4 Older adults who no longer have control of their lives, maybe because of cognitive impairment from Alzheimer’s or stroke, may feel constantly stressed and anxious. They may feel disoriented or unsure about what’s going to happen in the next moment.

5 Other seniors have become too ill or frail to manage their days. They’re also dependent on others for everything. Not knowing when or if your needs will be met is also stressful.

6 A predictable routine reduces stress and anxiety because seniors know exactly what will be happening, how the activity will be done, and when it will occur. Routine actions will also become part of their body memory. They won’t have to consciously think or worry about what they’re doing. Their bodies unconsciously sense what’s coming next.

2. Increased feelings of safety and security

7 Many seniors don’t like surprises. Having a routine lets them predict and plan their day, which makes them feel safe. It also gives stability that seniors often enjoy because they can settle into a schedule that makes sense.

8 It’s also easier to cope with memory and cognitive issues when everything else is steady and predictable. Even though a senior with dementia might not be aware of the routine or even of time passing, having a routine will make them feel more grounded and secure.

3. Better sleep

9 Having a regular daily routine also helps older adults sleep better. A study found that doing the same basic activities like eating, dressing, and bathing at the same time every day improves sleep quality.

10 Since many seniors have trouble with sleep, creating a predictable daily routine is a simple, non-drug way to improve the situation.

Final words

11 Simple daily routines can significantly improve your senior’s quality of life, but there’s no need to be too rigid about it. You’ll still need to be flexible on days when your older adult isn’t feeling well or if there’s a special event.

12 But using a routine most of the time can reduce stress, increase the feeling of security, and improve sleep. That helps your older adult (and you!) feel healthier and happier.

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 04 jul. 2017.

The elderly are usually affected by stress and anxiety. In order to promote their well-being, they should be protected against these conditions. In relation to this, it is necessary to understand that seniors may:

The American Amelia Earhart (1897-1937) was a pioneer in aviation and a woman ahead of her time. Read her short biography below and answer the question.

Amelia Earhart, a woman in aviation career

1 Amelia Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas. Her father, Edwin, was a lawyer who worked for the railroad. She spent a lot of her childhood playing with her younger sister Muriel.

2 Growing up, Amelia and her sister had all sorts of adventures. They collected insects and frogs. They liked to play sports including baseball and football.

3 When Amelia was eleven years old, in 1908, she saw one of the Wright Brothers first airplanes at the Iowa State Fair. She had no interest in flying and didn't think much of the plane at the time.

4 However, on December 28, 1920, Amelia and her father visited an air show in California. Amelia went on her first plane flight that day. She later said that "I knew I had to fly" as soon as the plane was just a few hundred feet off the ground.

5 Amelia worked hard and, together with some money from her mother, she was able to pay for flying lessons. Eventually she purchased her own plane. A bright yellow airplane she nicknamed the "Canary". She also got her pilot's license and set a new altitude record for female pilots of 14,000 feet.

6 In 1928, Amelia was invited to be the navigator in a historic flight. On June 18, 1928, after twenty-one hours of flying, she was the first woman to take part into the first flight across the Atlantic that landed in Wales.

7 Amelia was not satisfied, however. She wanted to make the same trip across the Atlantic, but this time she wanted to pilot the plane and make the flight by herself. In May 1932, Amelia became the second person to successfully fly across the Atlantic Ocean solo.

8 Although she was the most famous woman pilot in the world, Earhart wasn't satisfied and wanted to be the first woman to fly around the world. In June 1937, Amelia and Fred Noonan, her navigator, took off from Miami, Florida. They flew a number of flights. On July 02, they left for Howland Island in the Pacific Ocean, but they were never seen from again.

9 Amelia Earhart was declared dead on January 05, 1939.

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 01 jun. 2017.

Based on the previous text, read the following statements about Amelia Earhart´s childhood:

I) she was influenced by her father who was the lawyer of an air company.

II) she shared a collection of small animals with her sister.

III) she enjoyed playing ball games with her sister.

IV) she lived a quiet and cautious infancy with her sister.

V) she decided to be a pilot after seeing one of the Wright Brothers´ plane.

It is only CORRECT what is stated on:

The American Amelia Earhart (1897-1937) was a pioneer in aviation and a woman ahead of her time. Read her short biography below and answer the question.

Amelia Earhart, a woman in aviation career

1 Amelia Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas. Her father, Edwin, was a lawyer who worked for the railroad. She spent a lot of her childhood playing with her younger sister Muriel.

2 Growing up, Amelia and her sister had all sorts of adventures. They collected insects and frogs. They liked to play sports including baseball and football.

3 When Amelia was eleven years old, in 1908, she saw one of the Wright Brothers first airplanes at the Iowa State Fair. She had no interest in flying and didn't think much of the plane at the time.

4 However, on December 28, 1920, Amelia and her father visited an air show in California. Amelia went on her first plane flight that day. She later said that "I knew I had to fly" as soon as the plane was just a few hundred feet off the ground.

5 Amelia worked hard and, together with some money from her mother, she was able to pay for flying lessons. Eventually she purchased her own plane. A bright yellow airplane she nicknamed the "Canary". She also got her pilot's license and set a new altitude record for female pilots of 14,000 feet.

6 In 1928, Amelia was invited to be the navigator in a historic flight. On June 18, 1928, after twenty-one hours of flying, she was the first woman to take part into the first flight across the Atlantic that landed in Wales.

7 Amelia was not satisfied, however. She wanted to make the same trip across the Atlantic, but this time she wanted to pilot the plane and make the flight by herself. In May 1932, Amelia became the second person to successfully fly across the Atlantic Ocean solo.

8 Although she was the most famous woman pilot in the world, Earhart wasn't satisfied and wanted to be the first woman to fly around the world. In June 1937, Amelia and Fred Noonan, her navigator, took off from Miami, Florida. They flew a number of flights. On July 02, they left for Howland Island in the Pacific Ocean, but they were never seen from again.

9 Amelia Earhart was declared dead on January 05, 1939.

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 01 jun. 2017.

After starting a professional career in aviation, Amelia Earhart achieved notorious deeds such as:

The American Amelia Earhart (1897-1937) was a pioneer in aviation and a woman ahead of her time. Read her short biography below and answer the question.

Amelia Earhart, a woman in aviation career

1 Amelia Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas. Her father, Edwin, was a lawyer who worked for the railroad. She spent a lot of her childhood playing with her younger sister Muriel.

2 Growing up, Amelia and her sister had all sorts of adventures. They collected insects and frogs. They liked to play sports including baseball and football.

3 When Amelia was eleven years old, in 1908, she saw one of the Wright Brothers first airplanes at the Iowa State Fair. She had no interest in flying and didn't think much of the plane at the time.

4 However, on December 28, 1920, Amelia and her father visited an air show in California. Amelia went on her first plane flight that day. She later said that "I knew I had to fly" as soon as the plane was just a few hundred feet off the ground.

5 Amelia worked hard and, together with some money from her mother, she was able to pay for flying lessons. Eventually she purchased her own plane. A bright yellow airplane she nicknamed the "Canary". She also got her pilot's license and set a new altitude record for female pilots of 14,000 feet.

6 In 1928, Amelia was invited to be the navigator in a historic flight. On June 18, 1928, after twenty-one hours of flying, she was the first woman to take part into the first flight across the Atlantic that landed in Wales.

7 Amelia was not satisfied, however. She wanted to make the same trip across the Atlantic, but this time she wanted to pilot the plane and make the flight by herself. In May 1932, Amelia became the second person to successfully fly across the Atlantic Ocean solo.

8 Although she was the most famous woman pilot in the world, Earhart wasn't satisfied and wanted to be the first woman to fly around the world. In June 1937, Amelia and Fred Noonan, her navigator, took off from Miami, Florida. They flew a number of flights. On July 02, they left for Howland Island in the Pacific Ocean, but they were never seen from again.

9 Amelia Earhart was declared dead on January 05, 1939.

Disponível em: http://www.ducksters.com/biography/women_leaders/amelia_earhart.php. Acesso em: 01 jun. 2017.

In order to start her career in aviation, Amelia Earhart: